MADE FOR PIONEERS

How to Measure Movements of the Magnetic Pole Using Only Turtles?

How to Measure Movements of the Magnetic Pole Using Only Turtles?
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We all have a broad idea that Earth's magnetic field shifts over time. In fact, the magnetic poles move due to the continuous flow of molten iron and nickel in the outer core. This process, known as the geodynamo effect, generates the planet's magnetic field. Because this flow is turbulent and ever-changing, the poles are not fixed. Instead, they drift sometimes slowly, sometimes rapidlyas seen with the North Magnetic Pole, which has accelerated its movement from Canada toward Siberia in recent decades.

What strikes me as particularly fascinating is that this movement can be measured not only with scientific instruments but also by observing life itself.

The Loggerhead Sea Turtle

In 1996, a loggerhead sea turtle named Adelita made history. Marine biologist Wallace J. Nichols fitted her with a satellite transmitter in Baja California, Mexico, and set her free into the vast Pacific. What followed was an extraordinary journey14,500 kilometers (9,000 miles) over 368 days before she reached the coastal waters of Japan, the place she was likely born.

Adelita’s voyage provided the first-ever real-time tracking of a sea turtle across an entire ocean, confirming what scientists had long suspected: turtles can navigate the seas with astonishing precision, guided by nature’s invisible map.

How Did She Achieve Such a Feat?

Turtles are not the only creatures capable of covering vast distances with unerring accuracy; migratory birds share this ability. From my research, I found that scientists have two leading theories on how this remarkable navigation works.

It all comes down to two biological mechanisms:

  1. Magnetite Crystals – Tiny iron-based minerals in the brains or beaks of some animals (like birds) act as internal compasses, aligning with Earth's magnetic field to provide directional cues.

  2. Cryptochrome Proteins – Found in the eyes of birds, turtles, and other creatures, these light-sensitive proteins undergo a reaction when exposed to light, allowing animals to “see” magnetic directions through a process influenced by quantum mechanics.

When Sea Turtles Land on the Wrong Beach

As precise as this system seems, I have heard from former colleagues studying sea turtle navigation that it isn’t always flawless. Some turtles return to nest only to find themselves just 200 meters away from their original hatching beach so close, yet not quite right!

But in reality, the turtles are not wrong. Their navigation is perfect; it is Earth’s magnetic field that has shifted! The turtles are precisely where they were meant to be relative to the magnetic markers they imprinted at birth. It is the planet’s magnetic landscape that has moved beneath them.

Take a moment to appreciate the poetry of this: we can track the movement of Earth’s magnetic field using only these beautiful marine creatures, whose journey across the seas is guided by an invisible force that is itself in motion.

Our world is filled with wonders. I hope this story inspires you. Until the next one…

A. Fost

Consultant, Field Reporter, Observer of Time.

Welcome to MADE FOR PIONEERS, where I explore the signs, clues, and effects of time on our natural world, the cosmos, and everything in between. Driven by an insatiable curiosity, I occasionally venture into unexpected topics that spark my interest.

Through my notes, I aim to inspire creativity at Maison Augé, a creator of timekeepers and measuring tools rooted in natural mechanisms.

 

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A. Fost

Welcome to MADE FOR PIONEERS. I explore the marks of time, from nature to the cosmos. My curiosity often leads me to unexpected subjects. These notes fuel the inspiration behind Maison Augé, creator of timekeepers and measuring instruments inspired by natural mechanisms.